SCADA-Based Reliability Evaluation

Kelmarsh Wind Farm - 12.3 MW

Author

Jorge A. Thomas

Published

April 8, 2025

Kelmarsh Wind Farm

Project Overview

“Kelmarsh comprises six 2.05MW Senvion MM92 turbines. The Project was acquired from EON in December 2014 and was constructed in joint venture with Santander using balance sheet finance. Construction was completed in April 2016. It is now owned by Cubico Investments.”

(a) Kelmarsh Wind Farm

(b) Senvion MM92 turbine
Figure 1: Kelmarsh Wind Farm is located near Haselbach, Northamptonshire, UK.

Events Catalogue

IEC category Events
Technical Standby 59342
Requested Shutdown 77
Out of Environmental Specification 90593
Forced outage 1295
None 3253
Out of Electrical Specification 371
Scheduled Maintenance 818
Full Performance 229338
Partial Performance 46

Only events labeled as “Forced outage” with Status “Stop” will be considered for the reliability analysis of the Senvion wind turbines, highlighting the very stochastic nature of failure occurrences caused by hardware.

Status Qty
Stop 892
Warning 403
Warning 1461
Informational 227877
Stop 371
Informational 90500
Stop 93
Curtailment 37
Warning 9
Stop 77
Stop 818
Stop 3094
Informational 56248
Warning 2320
Informational 168
Communication 744
Stop 21
shape: (7, 2)
IEC category Stop_Events
str u32
"Scheduled Maintenance" 818
"Forced outage" 892
"Out of Environmental Specifica… 93
"Technical Standby" 3094
"Requested Shutdown" 77
"Out of Electrical Specificatio… 371
null 21
<bound method DataFrame.head of shape: (1_779, 7)
┌─────────────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────────┬─────┬───────┬──────┬──────────┐
│ Timestamp               ┆ Status ┆ Message                       ┆ wt  ┆ State ┆ Year ┆ Year_wt  │
│ ---                     ┆ ---    ┆ ---                           ┆ --- ┆ ---   ┆ ---  ┆ ---      │
│ datetime[μs, UTC]       ┆ str    ┆ str                           ┆ str ┆ i32   ┆ i32  ┆ str      │
╞═════════════════════════╪════════╪═══════════════════════════════╪═════╪═══════╪══════╪══════════╡
│ 2016-01-14 19:28:03 UTC ┆ Stop   ┆ Emergency stop nacelle        ┆ T01 ┆ 0     ┆ 2016 ┆ 2016-T01 │
│ 2016-01-23 14:36:32 UTC ┆ Start  ┆ Emergency stop nacelle        ┆ T01 ┆ 1     ┆ 2016 ┆ 2016-T01 │
│ 2016-01-23 15:05:30 UTC ┆ Stop   ┆ Emergency stop base box       ┆ T01 ┆ 0     ┆ 2016 ┆ 2016-T01 │
│ 2016-01-23 15:06:42 UTC ┆ Start  ┆ Emergency stop base box       ┆ T01 ┆ 1     ┆ 2016 ┆ 2016-T01 │
│ 2016-01-24 16:51:17 UTC ┆ Stop   ┆ Frequency converter error     ┆ T01 ┆ 0     ┆ 2016 ┆ 2016-T01 │
│ …                       ┆ …      ┆ …                             ┆ …   ┆ …     ┆ …    ┆ …        │
│ 2022-07-11 13:48:21 UTC ┆ Start  ┆ Anemometer defect             ┆ T06 ┆ 1     ┆ 2022 ┆ 2022-T06 │
│ 2022-07-19 13:17:02 UTC ┆ Stop   ┆ Max.temp.conv.inl.>perm.out.t ┆ T06 ┆ 0     ┆ 2022 ┆ 2022-T06 │
│                         ┆        ┆ .                             ┆     ┆       ┆      ┆          │
│ 2022-07-19 18:11:27 UTC ┆ Start  ┆ Max.temp.conv.inl.>perm.out.t ┆ T06 ┆ 1     ┆ 2022 ┆ 2022-T06 │
│                         ┆        ┆ .                             ┆     ┆       ┆      ┆          │
│ 2022-11-02 17:39:07 UTC ┆ Stop   ┆ Manual stop - remote          ┆ T06 ┆ 0     ┆ 2022 ┆ 2022-T06 │
│ 2022-11-02 18:25:51 UTC ┆ Start  ┆ Manual stop - remote          ┆ T06 ┆ 1     ┆ 2022 ┆ 2022-T06 │
└─────────────────────────┴────────┴───────────────────────────────┴─────┴───────┴──────┴──────────┘>

Reliability Parameters

Time / State Diagrams

Histogram of Failure Causes

Total

Per Wind Turbine

References

Iannone, Richard, and Michael Chow. n.d. great-tables: Make awesome display tables using Python. https://github.com/posit-dev/great-tables.
Mühleisen, Hannes, Mark Raasveldt, et al. 2025. “DuckDB: An Embeddable Analytical Database.” https://duckdb.org.
Plumley, Charlie. 2022. “Kelmarsh Wind Farm Data (0.1.0) [Data Set].” Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/records/8252025.
Vink, Ritchie, and contributors. 2025. “Polars: Fast Multi-Threaded DataFrame Library in Rust and Python.” https://www.pola.rs/.